Herod the Great

[The text is lightly glossed; see the glossary in the Riverside Chaucer for words not glossed here.]

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Moste mighty Mahowne
meng you with mirth!
Both of burgh and of towne, 
by felles and by firth,
Both king with crowne, 
and barons of birth, 
That radly will rowne,
many great girth
Shall be happ. 
Take tenderly intent
What sondes are sent,
Else harmes shall ye hent,
And lothes you to lap.

Herode, the hend,
king by grace of Mahowne,
Of Jewry, surmounting 
sternly with crowne, 
On life that are living 
in towre and in towne, 
Gracius you greting, 
commaundes you be bowne
At his bidding; 
Luf him with lewte,
Drede him, that doughty! 
He charges you be redy 
Lowly at his liking.

What man upon mold,
menes him agane,
Tit teen shall be told,
knight, squiere, or swain;
Be he never so bold, 
byes he that bargan,
Twelf thowsand fold, 
more than I sayn 
May ye trast;
He is worthy wonderly, 
Selcouthly sory;
For a boy that is borne her by 
Standes he abast.

A king thay him call, 
and that we deny; 
How shuld it so fall, 
great mervell have I; 
Therfor over all shall 
I make a cry, 
That ye busk not to brall,
nor like not to ly 
This tide;
Carpes of no king
Bot Herode, that lording, 
Or busk to youre beylding,
Youre heedes for to hide. 

He is King of Kinges, 
kindly I knowe,
Chefe lord of lordinges 
chefe leder of law, 
Ther wates on his winges,
that bold bost will blow, 
Great dukes downe dinges
for his great awe, 
And him lowtes.
Tuskane and Turky, 
All Inde and Italy, 
Cecyll and Surry,
Drede him and doutes.

From Paradise to Padwa, 
to Mownt Flascon;
From Egypt to Mantua, 
unto Kemp Towne; 
From Sarceny to Susa, 
to Grece it abowne;
Both Normondy and Norway 
loutes to his crowne;
His renowne 
Can no tong tell, 
From heven unto hell; 
Of him can none spell
Bot his cosyn Mahowne. 

He is the worthyest of all 
barnes that are borne;
Free men are his thrall, 
full teenfully torne;
Begin he to brall, 
many men cach skorne;
Obey must we all, 
or els be ye lorne 
At ones. 
Downe ding of youre knees,
All that him sees, 
Displesed he bees, 
And byrken many bones.

Here he commes now, I cry, 
that lord I of spake; 
Fast afore will I hy,
radly on a rake,
And welcom him worshipfully, 
laghing with lake,
As he is most worthy, 
and knele for his sake 
So low; 
Downe dernly to fall,
As renk most ryall:
Hail, the worthyest of all! 
To thee must I bow! 

Hail, luf lord! lo, 
thy letters have I layde;
I have done I couth do, 
and peasse have I prayd, 
Mekill more therto 
openly desplayd;
Bot romoure is rased so, 
that boldly thay brade
Amanges thame; 
Thay carp of a king,
Thay seasse not sich chatering. 
Bot I shall tame thare talking, 
And let thame go hang thame: 

Stint, brodels, youre din, 
yee, everychon! 
I red that ye harken 
to I be gone, advise
For if I begin, 
I breke ilka bone,
And pull fro the skin 
the carcass anone, 
Yee, perde!
Sesse all this wonder,
And make us no blonder,
For I rife you in sonder,
Be ye so hardy. 

Peasse both yong and old, 
at my bidding, I red, 
For I have all in wold; 
in me standes life and dede;
Who that is so bold, 
I brane him thrugh the hede;
Speke not or I have told, 
what I will in this stede;
Ye wote not 
All that I will meve;
Stir not bot ye have leve, 
For if ye do, I clefe 
You small as flesh to pot. 

My mirthes are turned to teen,
my mekenes into ire,
And all for oone I ween, 
with-in I fare as fire. 
May I se him with eyn, 
I shall gif him his hire; 
Bot I do as I meen, 
I were a full lewde sire 
In wones; 
Had I that lad in hand, 
As I am king in land, 
I shuld with this steell brand 
Byrken all his bones.

My name springes far and nere; 
the doughtyest, men me call, 
That ever ran with spere, 
a lord and king ryall; 
What joy is me to here, 
a lad to sesse my stall!
If I this crowne may bere, 
that boy shall by for all.
I anger; 
I wote not what devil me ailes, 
Thay teen me so with tales,
That by Goddes dere nailes, 
I will peasse no langer.

What devil! me think I brast, 
for anger and for teen; 
I trow these kinges be past, 
that here with me has been; 
Thay promesed me full fast 
or now here to be seen,
For els I shuld have cast 
an othere sleght, I ween; 
I tell you, 
A boy thay said thay soght, 
With offering that thay broght; 
It meves my hart right noght
To breke his nek in two. 

Bot be thay past me by, 
by Mahowne in heven, 
I shall, and that in hy,
set all on sex and seven; 
Trow ye a king as I 
will suffre thaym to neven
Any to have mastry, 
bot my self full even?
Nay, leefe!
The devil me hang and draw, 
If I that losell knaw,
Bot I gif him a blaw, 
That life I shall him reve.

For perils yit I wold wist
if thay were gone; 
And ye therof her told, 
I pray you say anone, 
For and thay be so bold,
by God that sittes in trone,
The pain can not be told, 
that thay shall have ilkon,
ffor ire; 
Sich paines hard never man tell,
For ugly and for fell,
That lucifere in hell 
Thare bones shall all to-tire.

Lord, think not ill if I 
tell you how thay are past; 
I kepe not layn, truly,
syn thay cam by you last, 
An othere way in hy thay soght,
and that full fast. 
Why, and are thay past me by? 
Wee! Out! For teen I brast! 
Wee! Fy! 
Fy on the devil! where may I bide? 
Bot fight for teen and al to-chide!
Thefes, I say ye shuld, have spide
And told, when thay went by; 

Ye are knightes to trast!
Nay, losels ye ar, and theves;
I wote I yelde my gast, 
so sore my hart it greves.
What nede you be abast? 
Ther are no great meschefes
For these maters to gnast.
Why put ye sich repreves 
Without cause? 
Thus shuld ye not thret us, 
Ungainly to bete us, 
Ye shuld not rehet us,
Without othere sawes.

Ffy, losels and liars! 
Lurdans ilkon!
Traitoures and well wars! 
Knaves, bot knightes none! 
Had ye bene worth youre eres, 
thus had thay not gone; 
Get I those land lepars, 
I breke ilka bone; 
First vengeance 
Shall I se on thare bones; 
If ye bide in these wones
I shall ding you with stones,
Yee, diti zance doutance.

I wote not where I may sit, 
for anger and for teen; 
We have not done all yit, 
if it be as I ween; 
Fy! devil! now how is it? 
As long as I have eyn 
I think not for to flit, 
bot king I will be seen
For ever. 
Bot stand I to quart,
I tell you my hart, 
I shall gar thaym start,
Or els trust me never. 

Sir, thay went sodanly, 
or any man west,
Els had met we, yee, perdy, 
and may ye trest.
So bold, nor so hardy 
agans oure lest,
Was none of that company 
durst mete me with fest
For ferd. 
Ill durst thay abide, 
Bot ran thame to hide; 
Might I thaym have spide, 
I had made thaym a berd.

What couth we more do 
to save youre honoure? 
We were redy therto, 
and shal be ilk howre. 
Now syn it is so, 
ye shall have favoure; 
Go where ye will, 
go by towne and by towre, 
Goes hens! 
I have maters to mell
With my prevey counsell; 
Clerkes, ye bere the bell, 
Ye must me encense. 

Oone spake in mine eere 
a wonderfull talking, 
And saide a maiden shuld bere 
anothere to be king; 
Sirs, I pray you inquere 
in all writing, 
In Virgill, in Homere, 
And all other thing 
Bot legende;
Sekes poece-tales;
Lefe pestyls and grales;
Mes, matins, noght avales,
All these I defende;

I pray you tell hendely 
now what ye finde. 
Truly, sir, prophecy, 
it is not blind; 
We rede thus by Isay, 
he shal be so kinde, 
That a maiden, sothely, 
which never sinde,
Shall him bere: 
"Virgo concipiet, 
Natumque pariet;" 
"Emanuell" is hete,
His name for to lere,

"God is with us," 
that is forto say. 
And othere sayes thus, 
trest me ye may:
"Of Bedlem a gracius 
lord shall spray,
That of Jewry mightius 
king shal be ay,
Lord mighty; 
And him shall honoure 
both king and emperoure." 
Why, and shuld I to him cowre? 
Nay, ther thou lyes lightly! 

Fy! the devil thee speede, 
and me, bot I drink ones! 
This has thou done in dede, 
to anger me for the nones: 
And thou, knave, thou thy mede 
shall have, by cokes dere bones!
Thou can not half thy crede! 
Out, theves, fro my wones!
Fy, knaves! 
Fy, dotty-pols, with youre bookes!
Go kast thaym in the brookes! 
With sich wiles and crokes
My wit away raves! 

Hard I never sich a trant,
that a knave so sleght 
Shuld com like a sant 
and reve me my right;
Nay, he shall on slant;
I shall kill him downe stright; 
War! I say, let me pant; 
now think I to fight 
For anger; 
My guttes will out thring
Bot I this lad hing;
Without I have a venging,
I may lif no langer. 

Shuld a carll in a kave, 
bot of oone yere age, 
Thus make me to rave? 
Sir, peasse this outrage!
A-way let ye wave 
all such langage, 
Youre worship to save, 
is he oght bot a page 
Of a yere? 
We two shall him teen 
With oure wittes between, 
That, if ye do as I meen, 
He shall dy on a spere. 

For drede that he reign, 
do as we red; 
Thrughout Bedlem,
and ilk othere stede, 
Make knightes ordein, 
and put unto dede
All knave children 
of two yeres brede,
And with-in;
This child, may ye spill 
Thus at youre awne will. 
Now thou says here til
A right nobill gin!

If I live in land, 
good life, as I hope, 
This dar I thee warand 
to make thee Pope. guarantee 
O, my hart is resand
now in a glope!
For this nobill tithand
thou shall have a drope 
Of my good grace; 
Markes, rentes, and poundes, 
Great castels and groundes; 
Thrugh all sees and sandes 
I gif thee the chace.

Now will I procede, 
and take vengeance; 
All the flowre of knighthede 
call to legeance; 
Bewshere, I thee bid,
it may thee avance. 
Lord, I shall me spede, 
and bring, perchaunce, 
To thy sight. 
Hark, knightes, I you bring 
Here new tything;
Unto Herode king 
Hast with all youre might! 

In all the hast that ye may, 
in armoure full bright, 
In youre best aray 
looke that ye be dight.
Why shuld we fray? 
This is not all right. 
Sirs, withouten delay 
I drede that we fight. 
I pray you, 
As fast as ye may, 
Com to him this day. 
What, in oure best aray? 
Yee, sirs, I say you. 

Somwhat is in hand, 
what ever it meen. 
Tarry not for to stand 
ther or we have been.
King Herode, all weldand, 
well be ye seen! all ruling 
Youre knightes are comand
in armoure full sheen, 
At youre will. 
Hail, doughtiest of all! 
We are comen at youre call 
For to do what we shall,
Youre lust to fullfil. 

Welcom, lordinges, 
Jewes both great and small! 
The cause now is this 
that I send for you all: 
A lad, a knave, borne is 
that shuld be king ryall; 
Bot I kill him and his, 
I wote I brast my gall;
Therfor, Sirs, 
Vengeance shall ye take, 
All for that lad sake, 
And men I shall you make 
Where ye com ay where, sirs. 

To Bedlem loke ye go, 
and all the coste aboute, 
All knave children ye slo, 
and, lordes, ye shal be stoute; 
Of yeres if they be two 
and within, of all that route
On life lieve none of tho 
that lyges in swedyll clowte,
I red you; 
Spare no kins bloode,
Let all run on floode,
If women wax woode; 
I warn you, sirs, to spede you; 

Hens! Now go youre way. 
That ye were thore.
I wote we make a fray; 
bot I will go before. 
A, think, sirs; I say 
I mon whet like a bore.
Set me before ay 
good enogh for a skore; 
Hail hendely! 
We shall for youre sake 
Make a dulfull lake.
Now if ye me well wrake
Ye shall find me freindly. 

Go ye now til oure note, 
and handell thaim weell. 
I shall pay thaym on the cote, 
begin I to reel. 
Hark, felowse, ye dote; 
yonder commes unseel;
I hold here a grote 
she likes me not weell 
Be we parte;
Dame, think it not ill, 
thy knave if I kill. 
What, thefe! Agans my will? 
Lord, kepe him in qwarte!

Abide now, abide! 
No farther thou gose. 
Peasse, thefe! Shall I chide 
and make here a noise? 
I shall reve thee thy pride;
kill we these boyse! 
Tid may betide; 
kepe well thy nose, 
Fals thefe! 
Have on loft on thy hode. 
What, hoore, art thou woode?
Out, alas, my childes bloode! 
Out, for repreve! 

Alas, for shame and sin! 
Alas that I was borne! 
Of weping who may blin
to see hir childe forlorne?
My comforth and my kin, 
my son thus al to-torne!
Vengeance for this syn 
I cry both even and morne. 
Well done! 
Com hedir, thou old stry!
That lad of thine shall dy. 
Mercy, lord, I cry! 
It is min awne dere son.

No mercy thou meve; 
it mendes thee not, Maud! 
Then thy skalp shall I cleve! 
Lest thou be clawd?
Lefe, lefe, now by lefe!
peasse, bid I, bawd! 
Fy, fy, for reprefe! 
Fy, full of fraude! 
No man! 
Have at thy tabard, 
Harlot and holard!
Thou shall not be sparde! 
I cry and I ban!

Out! morder! Man, I say, 
strong tratoure and thefe!
Out! alas! and waloway! 
My child that was me lefe!
My luf, my blood, my play, 
that never did man grefe! 
Alas, alas, this day! 
I wold, my hart shuld clefe
In sonder! 
Vengeance I cry and call, 
On Herode and his knightes all! 
Vengeance, lord, upon thaym fall, 
And mekill worldes wonder!

This is well wroght gere 
that ever may be; 
Comes hederward here! 
Ye nede not to fle! 
Will ye do any dere
to my child, and me? 
He shall dy, I thee swere 
his hart blood shall thou see. 
God for-bede! 
Thefe! thou shedes my childes blood! 
Out, I cry! I go near wood! 
Alas! my hart is all on flood, 
To see my child thus blede! 

By God, thou shall aby
this dede that thou has done. 
I red thee not stry 
by sun and by moon. 
Have at thee, say I! 
Take the ther a foin!
Out on thee I cry 
have at thy groin 
An othere! 
This kepe I in store. 
Peasse now, no more! 
I cry and I rore, 
Out on thee, mans mordere! 

Alas! my babe, min Innocent, 
my fleshly get! For sorow
That God me derly sent 
of bales who may me borow?
Thy body is all to-rent; 
I cry both even and morow, 
Vengeance for thy blod, thus spent 
out! I cry, and horow! 
Go lightly! 
Get out of thise wones, 
Ye trattes, all at ones,
Or by cokes dere bones
I make you go wightly! 

Thay are flayd now, I wote, 
thay will not abide. 
Let us run fote hote; 
now wold I we hide, 
And tell of this lot, 
how we have betide. 
Thou can do thy note; 
that have I aspide; 
Go furth now, 
Tell thou Herode oure tail!
For all oure avail, 
I tell you, saunce fail, 
He will us alow.

I am best of you all 
and ever has bene; 
The devil have my soul 
bot I be first sene; 
It fittes me to call 
my lord, as I wene. 
What nedes thee to brall? 
Be not so kene 
In this anger; 
I shall say thou did best, 
Save meself, as I gest.
Wee! That is most honest. 
Go; tary no langer! 

Hail Herode, oure king 
full glad may ye be! 
Good tithing we bring; 
harken now to me; 
We have made riding 
thrugh out Jure:
Well wit ye one thing, 
that morderd have we
Many thousandes. 
I held, thaym full hote, 
I paid them on the cote; 
Thare dammes, I wote, 
Never binde them in bandes. 

Had ye sene how I fard 
when I cam amang them! 
Ther was none that I spard 
bot lade on and dang them.
I am worthy a rewarde 
where I was amanges them. 
I stud and I stard 
no pitee to hang them
Had I. 
Now, by mighty Mahowne, 
That is good of renowne! 
If I bere this crowne 
Ye shall have a lady 

Ilkon to him laid, 
and wed at his will. 
So have ye lang saide 
do somwhat thertil! 
And I was never flayde 
for good ne for ill. 
Ye might hold you well paide 
oure lust to fulfil, 
Thus think me, 
With tresure untold, 
If it like that ye wold, 
Both silver and gold, 
To gif us great plentee. 

As I am king crownde 
I think it good right! 
Ther goes none on grounde 
that has sich a wight; 
A hundreth thousand pounde 
is good wage for a knight, 
Of pennes good and rounde 
now may ye go light 
With store; 
And ye knightes of oures 
Shall have castels and towres, 
Both to you and to youres, 
For now and ever more. 

Was never none borne 
by downes ne by dales, 
Nor yit us beforne 
that had sich avales.
We have castels and corne 
mych gold in oure males.
It will never be worne 
without any tales; 
Hail hendely! 
Hail lord! Hail king! 
We are furth founding!
Now Mahowne he you bring 
Where he is lord freendly; 

Now in peasse may I stand 
I thank thee, Mahowne! 
And gif of my lande 
that longes to my crowne; 
Draw therfor nerehande 
both of burgh and of towne; 
Markes ilkon a thowsande 
when I am bowne,
Shall ye have. 
I shal be full fayn 
To gif that I sayn! 
Wate when I com again,
And then may ye crave. 

I set by no good, 
now my hart is at ease, 
That I shed so mekill blode 
pes all my ryches! 
For to see this flode 
from the fote to the nese
Meves nothing my mode 
I lagh that I whese;
A, Mahowne! 
So light is my soul, 
That all of sugar is my gall; 
I may do what I shall, 
And bere up my crowne. 

I was casten in care 
so frightly afraid, 
Bot I thar not despare
for low is he layd 
That I most dred are
so have I him flayd; 
And els wonder ware 
and so many strayd
In the strete, 
That oone shuld be harmeles, 
and skape away hafles,
Where so many childes 
Thare bales can not bete. 

A hundreth thowsand, I wat,
and fourty are slayn, 
And four thowsand; ther-at 
me aght to be fain;
Sich a morder on a flat 
shall never be again.
Had I had bot oone bat 
at that lurdan
So yong, 
It shuld have bene spoken 
How I had me wroken, 
Were I dede and rotten, 
With many a tong. 

Thus shall I tech knaves 
ensampyll to take,
In thare wittes that raves 
sich mastre to make;
All wantoness wafes
no langage ye crak! 
No sufferan you saves 
youre nekkes shall I shak 
In sonder; 
No king ye on call 
Bot on Herode the ryall, 
Or els many oone shall 
Upon youre bodes wonder.

For if I here it spoken 
when I com again, 
Youre branes bese broken 
therfor be ye bayn;
Nothing bese unloken 
it shal be so plain; 
Begin I to reken 
I think all desdain
For-daunche.
Sirs, this is my counsell -- 
Bese not too cruell, 
Bot adew! -- to the devil! 
I can nomore Fraunch! 
Mahowne = a pagan deity 
make you merry 

woods. . . forest 


quickly; whisper; 
protection 

notice 
messages 
take 
hatreds 

courteous 
Mahowne = a pagan deity 





ready 

love. . . loyalty 


pleasure 

man on earth 
speaks against him 
quickly sorrow 
quickly harm 

buys (i.e., pays for) 


trust 

unusually sad 

abashed 







hasten. . . brawl 

at this time 
speak 

rush. . . dwelling 



by nature 


are at his bidding 

beats, strikes 

bows to him 


Sicily and Syria 
fear 






above 

bow 



speak 



boys 

painfully 

if he begins to fight 



kneel 


break 



hasten 
quickly on my way 

pleasure 



quietly 
royal 




beloved 



much 

boast 

speak 




wretches 


to = until 

each 


by God 
Cease 
trouble 
tear you apart 





in my power 

brain 

or = ere 

move, do 




sorrow 
wrath 




say, intend 





break 






sieze my place 

pay for all 


pain 

hold my peace 






or = ere 





moves 




haste 


name 

mastery 
believe (it) 

scamp 

take away 

know 



and=if 
throne 

each one 

heard 
fierce (one) 

tear in pieces 



care not to conceal 

in haste 





sorrow. . . argue 
thieves 


trust 
scamps 

know 

mischiefs 
be troubled 




rebuke 
more talk 


louts each one 




land-leapers 



dwelling places 
beat 
I speak truly (fractured French) 








flee 

in safety 

make them jump 



west = wist, knew it 

trust 

desire 

fist 




I.e., I'd have tricked them 










deal with 












except ecclesiastical texts 
poetic narratives 
leave aside Epistles and Graduals 
mass-books, service-books do not avail 
forbid 





Isaiah 


sinned 



called 
learn 




trust 

spring forth 













cock's (God's) 

dwelling places 

crazy-heads 

crooked tricks 


trick 

saint 
take away 
come to grief 




thrust 
hang 
vengeance 





cease (peace) 












Bethelhem 


death 

growth 
and under (two years) 


here-to 
device 





racing 
palpitation 
tiding 





choice 





Fair Sir 





tiding 






ready 
be afraid 












where previously 


coming 




shall = must 









burst 











company 

lie in swaddling cloths 

kind of 
run 




(I would that) you 



whet (tusks); boar 




doleful amusement 
avenge 


business 




unhappiness 
bet here a groat 

(when) we part 



safety 





take away 





whore . . . crazy 





cease 
lost 

torn apart 



hither. . . hag 


own 




Do you want to be 
Leave it, dear, by my life 





debauchee 

curse 


flagrant 

dear 



cleave 




great 





harm 









pay for 




stab 









offspring 

evils. . . redeem 






trots, old women 
cock's (God's) 











tale 


praise 







brawl 



supposed 








Jewry 

murdered 









beat 



stood 





































assistance 

much. . . purses 
worn out, used up 



forth hastening 










ready 



know 







nose 

breathe 








need not 

ere, previously 


were, would be 


unhurt 



know 


ought to be happy 

field 

lout 







example 

mastery 
waive, put aside 

sovereign 





message 



brains are 
ready 
is to be revealed 


squeamishness 
overnice, too squeamish 




Spelling lightly regularized and glossed, from the edition by George England and Alfred W. Pollard, EETS, e.s. 71. London, 1897 [Widener 11473.71]. A newer and better edition is ed. by Martin Stevens and A.C. Cawley, EETS 1994. Note that this new edition has lineation that differs from that in the old EETS edition and that in the version printed above. This form of lineation as been adopted in this text, but note the line numbers of the old EETS edition are used (since this text is based on that edition).